THE CHAPEL

(See overhead plan ) One enters into the long chamber (the chapel) of which the ground, which was originally covered with sand (see ), has been paved with cement slabs by the Service of Antiquities (see ). The ceiling is flat with a general height of 2.35m which at the north (the entry end) rises to 2.42m at the north-east corner. It bears the traces of the marks of chisels with which it had been carved, because it didn't receive a filler or coating (see ).
The axis of the chapel is at an angle of 5° with that of the courtyard. The east wall has a length of 13.55m, the west wall is 20cm less. The entry (north) wall has a width of 2.25m and the wall at the rear (the south wall) measures 2.15m.
Despite the overall quality of the rock, some cracks existed from the beginning, others have widened over time. Some had been filled using a rather coarse pinkish plaster (see ).
The south wall, as well as the end parts of the east and west walls, are very rough and unfinished. The south was, however, smeared then covered with a fine layer of plaster but was never decorated.
The decoration was achieved in raised relief on the north wall and to a length of 10m on the east wall, up to the opening of a small annexe (a serdab, which will be returned to later). Elsewhere, the decoration is just painted, without sculpture work. The text is reduced to the strict minimum, with the names and titles of the deceased, and a formula of invocatory offerings type ("hetep di nesu"). Contrary to other tombs, here there are found no legends or commentaries in the representations; there is not even a "placard" including a list of offerings.

The great originality of the chapel lies in its 14 statues built directly into the walls, some incomplete, which occupy as many niches. These are located: 2 on the north wall, 8 on the east wall, and 6 on the west wall. If all those which had been started had been finished, it would be 19 statues that would have decorated this tomb, a considerable number for a private individual of the rank of Irukaptah. Other notable features include: the exceptional degree of conservation of the colours, which exists nowhere else, because statues built directly into an always more or less stratified limestone, survive badly over time. The more better preserved than these are in the mastaba of Idu, in Giza (see ).

NORTH WALL

The wall measures only 2.25m in width, with the entry, on the west side, being nearly half the width. Because of the off-centred entry, only the east part of this wall is decorated (which is on the right when facing it). The decorated area measures 1.13m wide and although the wall is approximately 2.4m in height, the full height is not decorated, there is an undecorated 0.25m dado area at the bottom. The upper area has been divided in two registers with furniture and the preparation of two beds. The lower area is occupied by two statues. Between these two areas is an irregular height text band, the left side of which is lost, but the right-hand side includes the tomb owner's title and name "The one who makes libation, the butcher of the meal of the palace, Irukaptah".

The upper area

(see )

This includes two superimposed registers, the one at the top being 32cm in height and the one below being 22 to 24cm. Both show some men making beds and furnishings. The colours, outlines and detail are poorly preserved, and it is possible that the left part of the registers had not even been decorated.

The two beds and furnishings

The two registers present the same aspect: each bed is covered with a white mattress; the head, which is on the right, being higher than the feet. Each bed has a canopy whose flat roof is sustained by five posts (apparently on both sides). The bottom of the posts have the shape of a bull's paw. The wood is painted black and striped with yellow.
• On the top register, two men are close to the bed. Like all of the others characters, they wear a plain loincloth and a short wig. The man standing at the side of the bed, holds a headrest in his left hand and a fly-swatter in the other. The second man, standing at the foot of the bed, also holds his fly-swatter in his right hand, whilst in the other he clutches a stick. Behind him, badly preserved, is a low table.
• On the register below, there are five men who are represented, reduced in stature because of the small height of the register. Two men stand at the side of the bed (see ). The first, leans forward, levelling the mattress; the one who stands behind him holds a fly-swatter and a headrest (however, there is already one represented on the bed). On the left, can be seen two men who carry what appears to be an armchair with a high backrest (see ). Behind them advances another man who holds in one hand a pitcher at the end of a rope, and of the other he holds a bag placed over his shoulder.
Even though the creating of a bed is represented regularly in the joinery scenes, this is not the case with the arrangement of a bed and a mattress. At the end of the 5th Dynasty, the ends of the posts will be seen in the shape of lion's paws replacing those of paws of the bull and the characters will kneel on the mattress to level it better.

The band of text

Between these two upper registers and the statues below, as already mentioned, is a band of text, which extends the one situated at the same height on the east wall. As also already stated: "The one who makes libation, the butcher of the meal of the palace, Irukaptah". The hieroglyphs are incised but only those establishing the title have been painted.

The lower area

This area contains two statues which are placed in niches. They form counterparts of the eight on the east wall, with which they share several features.

The niches

On the north wall (as on the east wall) the niches are 0.25m above the ground level and occupy the bottom two-thirds of the wall. They each measure 0.44m in width, with a height of 1.35m. They are separated by a pillar of 0.14m in width. Neither of these two statues are as well preserved as those on the adjoining east wall. They have been dressed with plaster, then painted in light blue-grey, but this colour is extensively lost. The pillars between the niches on the east wall, which was painted in clear grey, only includes the name of Irukaptah and his titles, in the form of a vertical text whose hieroglyphs are incised and painted. On the area between those of this north wall, there seems to be a lack of decoration, but at the top is a trace of black paint which suggests that the text may have only been painted.

The statues

Although only two of the ten statues appear on this north wall, it is worth making the following comments here, so that they can easily be compared with the other eight.
Nine statues out of the ten in this group represent Irukaptah, the one which is furthest south on the east wall may not be of him. It was not completely finished in raised relief or even painted (see ), although the statue was outlined in black paint. The text pillar before it (to the left) was not even drafted. All the other statues were carved directly in high relief into the rock of the wall, were then smoothed, plastered in a cream colour and finally painted. All show the deceased clothed in a rigid loincloth, standing upright, the two feet joined, the two arms hang at the side of the body, each fist tightened on a folded piece of cloth. He is covered with a short wig, that doesn't reach the shoulders, and wears a large necklace around the neck. The face is squared, the eyes round, the nose is straight and thick, with sometimes a moustache. The shoulders are large, sometimes nipples appear on the chest, the arms and the legs are tubular with a muscle structure and a skeleton discreetly indicated.

The loincloths are of two types. The first is entirely white, with a frontal fold and a the ties are outlines in red. The second is half white and half yellow, with a belt formed of rectangles of a green very clearly separated by a white and blue motif in zigzag and a blue buckle; a yellow tab goes back up on the abdomen while two red buckles, whose extremity is fringed, falls down each side of four decorative pearl rows (see ).
On the whole, the statues are well preserved, notably at the level of the colours, but none are completely intact.

EAST WALL

This wall, which measures 13.55m in length, can be divided into three sections: the north part, from the entry wall until the end of the row of statues, a middle section consisting of scenes in the marshes and a south part extending for the rest of the wall until the south wall.

North section

(see )

This area of the wall consists a series of statue niches, a continuation of the two on the north wall. The statue niches, average 1.35m in height, are approx. 25cm above the floor level (an undecorated dado area) slightly less at the south end. A top register, with an average height of 55cm, is separated from the niches by a band of inscription in colourful text approx. 18cm in height. The lower, niche area, will be dealt with first.

To the left of the first statue niche

(see )

A column of 30 to 33cm in width, originally on a grey background, is divided in four registers whose heights vary from 26 to 30cm. The bottom of this area is about 50cm above the floor level.

Register 1 (upper) : Two butchers are occupied slaughtering an ox.

The lower three registers include offering bearers advancing towards the statues.

Register 2: This includes two men. The first holds in his right hand a rope attached to a small jar and with his other he balances a ewer and a basin on his left shoulder, all of the objects destined for the ritual libations of course. His friend who follows him also holds a small jar with his right hand and balances a tray with four loaves on his shoulder.

Register 3: The first character holds in his left hand a censer in front of his face and raises the lid between his thumb and forefinger of his right hand, incense grains can clearly be seen; the man behind brings a length of folded cloth.

Register 4: Two men, the first of which looks towards the man behind, carry between them a table with a single support. On this are two loaves, a trussed duck and a bunch of grapes.

The statues

(see and )

In total there are eight (numbered left to right). Details of the general features have already be given in the description of the north wall.
Statues 2 and 6 have well-preserved faces, as does 4 which however shows a definite unbalance of the position of the eyes (see ). Statue 5 was probably the better preserved of all, but alas a modern pillager pulled most of the face off him. The 7th statue shows a fairly well-preserved face but too large in comparison to the body; what makes it different is that the above the niche are faint red lines under the horizontal text which runs above all of the niches (see ). These red lines are partially carved forming an outline of a cavetto cornice, similar to those above the statue niches of the west wall. The eighth statue, the final one, is incomplete (see ) and the craftsman drew in black the contours of a preparatory body. It is likely that this eighth statue had been added at a later time. Indeed, it can be seen that the vertical inscription is absent from the pillar which separates this niche from the one of statue 7 (whereas all others have an inscription) and the fact that the activities in the marshes, represented on the right, don't occupy the space correctly because they seem short of space at their left section.

The columns of inscription

Between the niches are vertical inscriptions with the name and titles of the tomb owner. These are on six of the seven pillars separating the statue niches on the east wall, the south-most pillar has no inscription. As already stated, no inscription is found on the pillar between the two statues on the north wall, although there is a trace of black paint at the top.
Starting between niches 1 and 2 is the first text: "The libationer at the king's meal, the honoured one before Ptah, south of his wall, the wab-priest of the king, Irukaptah".
Next: "The libationer and butcher of the palace, the honoured one before Ptah, south of his wall, the butcher of the king's meal, Irukaptah".
Between 3 and 4: "The libationer and butcher of the king's meal, the honoured one before the great god, the wab-priest of the king, Irukaptah".
Next: "The libationer and butcher of the palace, the acquaintance of the king, the honoured one before the great god, the wab-priest of the king, Irukaptah".
Then: "The libationer and butcher of the king's meal, the honoured one before the great god, the wab-priest of the king, the acquaintance of the king, Irukaptah".
Finally, between niches 6 and 7: "The libationer and butcher of the palace, the honoured one before the great god, the butcher of the king's meal, the acquaintance of the king, Irukaptah".

The long horizontal inscription 

(see )

Here is the longest inscription in the tomb. This single line of text begins at the right extremity of the wall (the south end), above the statues which were drawn in red and below the scenes of boats. It is interrupted by the middle area of the wall which is dedicated to the activities in the marshes, and restarts above the niches of the statues, ending over the statues on the north wall. It was created in beautiful incised hieroglyphs, whose polychrome colours well withstood millennia, as the magnificent blue cobalt colour in the image opposite shows. On the north entry wall, as has been seen, at the same level, is a short more crudely executed inscription (see ).
The text, east wall, south section: "An offering which the king gives and Anubis, foremost of the divine booth, lord of the sacred land, who is on his hill, who is in the embalming place (gives), that he may travel well on the beautiful roads upon which the honoured (ones) travel.".
East wall, north section: "An offering which the king gives and which Anubis, who is on his hill, who is in the embalming place, lord of the sacred land (gives) ; an offering which Osiris, Lord of Busiris, foremost of the divine booth gives, that he be buried in the necropolis in the western desert having reached a good old age, the honoured one before the great god."
North wall: "The libationer and butcher of the palace, Irukaptah."

The upper register

This extends approximately 5.4m along the wall. At the extreme left, close to the corner with the north wall, is found Irukaptah seated in front of the food offerings. This scene extends for about 1.5m, with a height of 0.53m (see ). To the right of it are scenes from the butcher shop and some men bringing meat offering to Irukaptah (see ).

The owner and the offerings

(see )

Irukaptah
Irukaptah sits above the four small registers which have already been described and separated from them by the horizontal inscription. He is seated on a low chair of which only the rear leg, in the shape of a bull's leg, is represented. He sits on a white cushion resting on the chair, with a large papyrus umbel, being part of the seat structure, protruding at the rear. He wears the short trapezoidal beard, a moustache and a shoulder length wig. The representation underwent an alteration at the level of the loincloth: the addition (in paint only) is a stiff triangular front to the kilt, inevitably shortening the right arm (for an idea of the real aspect one can look at the at the MFA, Boston).

In the left hand, Irukaptah holds, by the stem, a lotus flower which he holds in front of his nose in order to breathe perfume from it. As already seen in many other monuments, it is about a symbol of rebirth, but it was rare for men at this period. It is however found in two almost contemporary mastabas, the one of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep (which is already present on OsirisNet) which is also under the Unas causeway, and the one of Iymery (G6020) which is at Giza (see ). The scene showing Niankhkhnum breathing the lotus is located in good place, in the impressive hallway which leads into the part of the burial carved into the cliff (see and ). Irukaptah could not fail to see it and it is quite possible that it served as a model for him.
In front of Irukaptah's face, can be read the following, inscribed in black: "The libationer and butcher of the palace, Irukaptah".

The offerings

The provisions and drinks are distributed in two sub-registres in front of Irukaptah, the bottom one measures 31cm in height, the top one is slightly less, only 23cm and less in length at the right to leave space for the top of the leg of ox presented by an assistant (see top left of ).
The diversity of the representations should be noted: none of the small tables or pedestals are identical with each other, neither do they carry the same objects. It should be noted, on the small black table, with yellow edges, at top left, the three ewers blue, golden and red, are associated with their basins of the same colour. Whilst, underneath is a wide red vase with a spout, and a beer vessel. In front of the owner's knees is a carinated (ridged) stone bowl carefully sealed by a lid. At the extremity of the bottom register are three identical vases placed on a low table, separated by lotus flowers. The conical breads constitute the most abundant offering of the group. The monopodale table at bottom left is made in basketwork and supports two large conical breads. The red table to its right, is wider and made of wood, holds a large basket which is artistically filled with fruits (figs, grape, pomegranates) and a loaf of white bread (see ). In fact, it seems that the artist wanted to represent two baskets, one behind the other one.

Scenes of butchery

(see ).

This occupies a length of 3.75m and a height of 0.51m. The first four butchers (located immediately to the right of the offerings) walk towards Irukaptah. They are part of twelve participants, engaged in the slaughter of four oxen, although they are actually porters of parts of the animals; it is their job to present the cuts of meat. These four men have a normal sized loincloth/kilt. However, the others who are working on the oxen, are all clothed in a short loincloth, which are open at the front (and with the belts tied in a loop at the back) to facilitate easy movement, this exposes their genitalia. They give the impression of making a great effort, one foot or a knee on the animal, the arms stretched out to facilitate the cutting. Some stand on their toes (a unique representation according to Vandier). The animals have a white coat speckled with black or brown.

The four butchers working on the first two animals have, in the back of their belt, a stone to sharpen their knife (see opposite). The knives have a handle and a black blade (most probably of flint) and are, strangely, held with the left hand. Two characters are kneeling next to the two beasts located in the middle (see ) and present, at the height of the face, a widely open vase intended to collect the victim's blood (one ignores what it was used for). Between two animals, stands a butcher who sharpens his blade (see ). Unlike the others, he wears a wig which covers his ear, possibly indicating that he was the supervisor.
The ox on the left has already undergone the removal of its two front legs, an exceptionnal representation (see ). The animal's rear leg is being skinned by the only butcher seen to be holding his knife in his right hand, whilst the leg is held by his assistant.

On the left, four characters have the responsibility of carrying meat towards the offerings destined for Irukaptah (see ). Three of them head towards the offerings, whilst the fourth is turned towards the actual butchers. It is probably him who has passed the cuts of meat held by the porters. Meanwhile, he holds a net in his right hand, whilst with his left hand he holds a leg of meat on his shoulder.
The porter closest to the offerings presents two-handed a leg. The next one who follows him holds another one on his shoulder whilst with his other hand he holds a rod on which is skewered a duck. The third brings cuts of meat: ribs in the right hand and a thigh with the bone in the left (the central bone can be seen surrounded with muscles).